Civil engineering
In software engineering
January 31, 2012 | 
Author The common house is built brick by brick, tile by tile, tile by tile. More developed economy; labor costs make it unfeasible this handmade construction mode. The typical House is not properly constructed. Only the construction of the Foundation looks like what is done. About the Foundation, the home favorite videogames I’ve played is mounted from structural elements, walls, floors and roofs that arrive ready to site construction, as a kit. Most of the pieces already cut come up in certain sizes and formats. The bathrooms, which are the most complicated of any home, tend to be delivered ready pre-assembled on a cart arrive: and are put into place by a crane. In other words, build homes more or less as if assembling cars, anywhere. Since the Model T, motors, panels and databases are not built on the Assembly line, but only integrated.
In software engineering, the dream that comes driving the adoption of object orientation is the use of pre-assembled components, reducing development time and increased quality. When the applications are made by craftsmen, the productivity is very low. This template only holds when the remuneration of the programmers is also low. Becomes a vicious cycle: the guy WINS little because it works poorly, and it works poorly because earns little. How to earn little have to work a lot, and do not have time to study.
The use of frameworks goes beyond: offers a set of integrated components, and the role of the programmer is to implement specific components that connect to well-defined way to others. The framework is how the structural a home kit. Use a framework requires a greater investment of time programmer until he understands how the pieces fit together and achieve a good level of productivity. You can’t simply exit programming the way you want, you must study before, sometimes enough to understand how to program components that will fit into a framework. But once overcome this phase, you can enter into a virtuous cycle: you earn well because it produces fairly and with quality, and earning well can invest more in training and updating.
Posted in Architecture, Building, Civil engineering, Design | 
Tags: Adoption, Assembly Line, Brick By Brick, Construction Mode, Craftsmen, Crane, Development Time, Frameworks, Object Orientation, Productivity, Program Components, Programmers, Remuneration, Roofs, Site Construction, Software Engineering, Tile, Time Programmer, Vicious Cycle, Virtuous Cycle | 
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History of development of polymeric pipes
Today on the market of construction materials is a large assortment of plastic pipes. And if 10 years ago in the minds of our citizens there were convinced that the trumpet can be only railway, now the situation has changed radically. Over the years polymer pipes deservedly won great popularity.
PEX pipes should be used for hot and cold water supply, central heating and floor heating systems. They are resistant to chemical substances that are not subject to corrosion, low surface roughness and smoothness of the wall prevent deposits on internal surfaces. PEX pipes do not emit harmful substances, does not alter the taste of water.
Polyethylene is the only of the thermoplastic materials capable of molecular chains in a mesh structure. PEX pipe made of chemically modified polyethylene. Tailored polythene, in comparison with usual, is more resistant to high temperature and keeps the elevated mechanical properties; characterized by good shrink tape. PEX tubing material is high-density polyethylene and linear structure and high strength.
Multilayer pipe based on cross-linked, due to the presence of ethylene vinyl alcohol layer of aluminum or Al, securely protect transported heat from penetrating through the boundary of the tube, which causes air oxygen corrosion and premature failure of heating elements and devices of the heating system. PEX pipes are connected by brass fittings that represent a wide range of products and are divided into 2 main categories:
- PEX fittings-PEX (PEX to connect among themselves)
- PEX fittings-thread (for connections to other parts of the system through the traditional tubal thread)
PEX do not need to calibrate, braze, cooking, glue, which allows you to save time and reduce the cost of installation. Thanks to a great length of the pipe in coils, installation is done with a minimum number of connections. Scratches, twists do not affect their life.
Posted in Civil engineering | Tags: Heating System, PEX, PEX Pipe, PEX tubing, plastic pipes, Polyethylene | No Comments »
Environmental engineering
Environmental engineering is one of the disciplines of engineering, including its scope, technical project aimed at preserving the natural environment in equilibrium and to preserve its ability to self-healing and self-cleaning in the case of the devastation of the environment (e.g as a result of disasters, too intense economic activity, failure) in order to restore this balance.
Environmental engineering deals with human activities in the environment such as construction, agriculture, industry. The scope covers such diverse issues and research directions, such as sewage and waste disposal, drainage, water supply, Heating and air conditioning, air protection, monitoring and protecting the environment (environmental engineering), gas, refrigeration, energy.
Degree in “Environmental Engineering” are technical and technological nature. A graduate of this course has the knowledge which gives rise to solving technical problems, technological and organizational related to the protection, use and transformation of environmental resources – both in the environment (microclimate, installations in buildings). In addition, graduate is prepared for the implementation of design, implementation, maintenance, renovation and construction and commercial production in the field of environmental engineering in all sectors of the economy and administration.
Drainage
Drainage is the act of draining the water-soaked land, through pipes, tunnels, canals, ditches and trenches being possible to use motors to support the marketing. Channels can be natural (rivers or streams) or artificial plain or reinforced concrete or gabion. Drainage systems, which comprise besides the penstocks and the open channel can be urban and / or rural areas and seek to dispose of rain water and prevent flooding.
The discipline that studies the drainage surface hydrology is usually taught in the courses in sanitary engineering, hydraulic engineering, civil engineering, agricultural engineering or even in some courses in Environmental Engineering.
It has been increasingly frequent use of geosynthetics to improve the performance and extend the life of drainage systems.
A drainage project should include a proper study to avoid common mistakes in this type of activity. If the specification and technical analysis are not adequate you may end up not having an efficient drainage and may even lose all the work and money invested.
For the preparation of the drainage project should include the following steps:
- Recognition and delineation of the affected area
- Surveying
- Study of groundwater
- Soil Study
- Elaboration of the project.
In the first we know the area to be drained and there is a possible source of excess water. The second item is also essential because through it one can trace the design guidelines that seek out high places which the water flows and the lowest where the pipes are buried. The study of the water table is very specific and depends on the region, there is a need for this installation of a network of observation wells, covering the entire project area [more details in the original article whose link is at the end of text]. The soil study is to verify the hydraulic conductivity and macroporosity of soil. These data come directly into the drain spacing calculations. Also important is the study of weather to check the rainfall in the region. Finally the project is developed based on previous data and formulas available to determine the best layout and spacing of the tubes to be used more efficiently in your project.
Posted in Civil engineering | Tags: Drainage Project, Drainage Systems, Hydraulic Conductivity, Natural Rivers, Soil Study, Surface Hydrology | No Comments »
Plumbing
Plumbing is a specialty of mechanical engineering applied to building and plumbing specialist, bringing together all the techniques used to circulate fluids (liquid or gas) by means of pipes, tubes, valves, taps, valves , pumps and materials to the various points of use of an installation.
The objectives of the plumbing are designed to allow better hygiene and make life easier in society to meet the basic needs of living human beings. It is already known as essential as breathing, drinking and dispose of waste are fundamental. The high concentration of humans on small territories require that such health measures. Improve the safety of homes, cities by the techniques of plumbing, construction services, sewer and water. Urban health could improve and enable the growth of cities in hygienic conditions despite the increase in population in a small area of territory.
The plumbing supplies can be steel, stainless steel, clay, bamboo, copper, brass, glass, thermoplastic aqueduct (PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene), cement, asbestos cement or cement aqueduct armed to the storm, cast iron centrifuged for health or ductile iron for water, aluminum-lined thermoplastic for the storm, vitrified clay or other materials approved for a specific use.
The piping may be made of reinforced concrete that is found mainly in the field of civil engineering, an area that starts at a meter outside the building, while inside the building, the pipe is the Building Systems Engineering and ends at a meter outside of it.
Connections can be made: by mechanical or compression joints for cast iron pipes, some plastic pipes and vitrified clay, by cable / lead for cast iron pipes with bell attached by threaded or threaded or welded to the pipes steel, for soldering to copper pipes, with cement for cement pipes by fusion of plastic pipes, for o-ring for PEX tubing or plastic tubing.
Posted in Civil engineering | Tags: Asbestos Cement, Cast Iron Pipes, Cement Pipes, Compression Joints, Copper Pipes, PEX tubing, plastic pipes, Plumbing Specialist | No Comments »